ohmyzsh/plugins/genpass/genpass-xkcd

#!/usr/bin/env zsh
#
# Usage: genpass-xkcd [NUM]
#
# Generate a password made of words from /usr/share/dict/words
# with the security margin of at least 128 bits.
#
# Example password: 9-mien-flood-Patti-buxom-dozes-ickier-pay-ailed-Foster
#
# If given a numerical argument, generate that many passwords.
#
# The name of this utility is a reference to https://xkcd.com/936/.

emulate -L zsh -o no_unset -o warn_create_global -o warn_nested_var -o extended_glob

if [[ ARGC -gt 1 || ${1-1} != ${~:-<1-$((16#7FFFFFFF))>} ]]; then
  print -ru2 -- "usage: $0 [NUM]"
  return 1
fi

zmodload zsh/system zsh/mathfunc || return

local -r dict=/usr/share/dict/words

if [[ ! -e $dict ]]; then
  print -ru2 -- "$0: file not found: $dict"
  return 1
fi

# Read all dictionary words and leave only those made of 1-6 characters.
local -a words
words=(${(M)${(f)"$(<$dict)"}:#[a-zA-Z](#c1,6)}) || return

if (( $#words < 2 )); then
  print -ru2 -- "$0: not enough suitable words in $dict"
  return 1
fi

if (( $#words > 16#7FFFFFFF )); then
  print -ru2 -- "$0: too many words in $dict"
  return 1
fi

# Figure out how many words we need for 128 bits of security margin.
# Each word adds log2($#words) bits.
local -i n=$((ceil(128. / (log($#words) / log(2)))))

{
  local c
  repeat ${1-1}; do
    print -rn -- $n
    repeat $n; do
      while true; do
        # Generate a random number in [0, 2**31).
        local -i rnd=0
        repeat 4; do
          sysread -s1 c || return
          (( rnd = (~(1 << 23) & rnd) << 8 | #c ))
        done
        # Avoid bias towards words in the beginning of the list.
        (( rnd < 16#7FFFFFFF / $#words * $#words )) || continue
        print -rn -- -$words[rnd%$#words+1]
        break
      done
    done
    print
  done
} </dev/urandom